Female Elite Wellness Blood Panel

A comprehensive wellness blood test is a set of blood tests that are designed to assess a person’s overall health and wellbeing. These tests typically include a variety of tests that evaluate various aspects of a person’s health, including blood sugar, cholesterol, liver and kidney function, hormonal levels, and more.

Specific tests included in a comprehensive wellness blood test can vary depending on the healthcare provider or lab that administers the test, but some common tests that may be included are:

• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)
• Lipid panel
• Thyroid function tests (TSH, free T4)
• Vitamin D level
• Iron panel
• Sex hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone)

A comprehensive wellness blood test can be helpful for detecting and managing a variety of medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, diabetes, and hormonal imbalances. The results of the blood test can help healthcare providers make a diagnosis and develop a treatment plan if necessary.

It’s important to discuss the results of a comprehensive wellness blood test with a healthcare provider, who can provide the necessary context and recommend appropriate follow-up if needed.

82 Analytes Tested

1. ALBUMIN
2. ALBUMIN/GLOBULIN CALCULATED
3. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
4. ALT
5. AST
6. BASO#
7. BASO%
8. BILIRUBIN DIRECT
9. BILIRUBIN TOTAL
10. BUN
11. BUN/CREAT CALCULATED
12. CALCIUM
13. CARBON DIOXIDE
14. CHLORIDE
15. CHOLESTEROL/HDL CALCULATED
16. CHOLESTEROL (TOTAL)
17. CORTISOL
18. CREATININE
19. CRP, HS
20. D-DIMER
21. DHEA-S
22. DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE (DHT)
23. EGFR
24. EO#
25. EO%
26. ESTRADIOL
27. ESTRIOL
28. ESTRONE
29. FERRITIN
30. FOLATE
31. FREE T3
32. FREE T4
33. GGT
34. GLUCOSE
35. HBA1C
36. HCT
37. HDL
38. FSH
39. HGB
40. LH
41. HOMOCYSTEINE
42. IGF-1
43. INSULIN
44. IRON
45. LDH
46. LDL CALCULATED
47. LYMPH#
48. LYMPH%
49. MAGNESIUM
50. MCH
51. MCHC
52. MCV
53. MONO#
54. MONO%
55. MPV
56. NEUT#
57. NEUT%
58. PHOSPHOROUS
59. PLT
60. POTASSIUM
61. PREGNENOLONE
62. PROGESTERONE
63. PROTEIN, TOTAL
64. RBC
65. RDW
66. RDW-SD
67. REVERSE T3
68. % SATURATED TRANSFERRIN
69. SHBG
70. SODIUM
71. TESTOSTERONE
72. TESTOSTERONE, FREE
73. TIBC
74. TPO ANTIBODY
75. TRANSFERRIN
76. TRIGLYCERIDES
77. TSH
78. URIC ACID
79. VITAMIN B 12
80. VITAMIN D
81. VLDL CALCULATED
82. WBC

A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is a blood test that measures a variety of substances in the blood, including electrolytes, glucose, proteins, and liver and kidney function tests. The CMP is commonly used to evaluate overall health and to screen for a variety of medical conditions, such as diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease.

The CMP includes the following tests:

1. Albumin
2. Albumin/Globulin Ratio 
3. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
4. ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
5. AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
6. Bilirubin Total
7. Bilirubin Direct
8. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
9. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) / Creatinine
10. Calcium
11. Carbon Dioxide
12. Chloride
13. Creatinine
14. EGFR 
15. Iron
16. Glucose
17. Protein, Total
18. Potassium
19. Sodium

The results of a CMP can help healthcare providers diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions, such as diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease. Abnormal levels in any of the CMP tests may indicate an underlying medical condition, and additional tests or evaluation may be needed to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.

It’s important to discuss the results of a CMP with a healthcare provider, who can provide the necessary context and recommend appropriate follow-up if needed.

Albumin is a protein that is made in the liver and makes up about 60% of the total protein in the blood. It serves several important functions in the body:

1. Maintaining osmotic pressure: Albumin helps to keep fluid from leaking out of blood vessels.

2. Nutrient transport: It carries various substances throughout the body, including hormones, vitamins, and enzymes.

3. Drug binding: Many drugs bind to albumin, which can affect how the drug is distributed and eliminated from the body.

A test for albumin levels in the blood (serum albumin) is often part of a liver function test or a renal panel. Normal levels are typically in the range of 3.4 to 5.4 grams per deciliter (g/dL). Lower levels of albumin can suggest liver disease or other conditions such as malnutrition, inflammation, or kidney disease. High levels are less common but may occur with dehydration or high protein diets.

In addition, the albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) is sometimes calculated to evaluate the relative amounts of these types of proteins in the blood. Normal A/G ratio is usually around 1.1 to 2.1.

It’s important to note that albumin levels can be influenced by a variety of factors, so any concerns or abnormalities should be discussed with a healthcare provider for proper interpretation in the context of the individual’s overall health status.

The Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio is a calculation derived from the levels of albumin and globulins (another group of proteins) in your blood. This ratio can help doctors diagnose certain medical conditions.

Albumin is a type of protein that is produced in the liver, and it helps to prevent fluid from leaking out of blood vessels, transports hormones and vitamins, and provides necessary protein to tissues and cells for growth and repair.

Globulins are a group of proteins in your blood. They are made by your liver and your immune system. Globulins, like albumin, transport hormones, lipids, vitamins, and metals throughout the body. They also function as antibodies, which bind to foreign substances (like viruses and bacteria) to help fight infection.

A healthy A/G ratio is typically around 1.1 to 2.1, meaning there is 1.1 to 2.1 times as much albumin as there are globulins. If this ratio is lower than normal (less than 1.1), it may suggest an overproduction of globulins, such as in certain autoimmune diseases or chronic infections, or underproduction of albumin, like in liver disease. A higher ratio may indicate underproduction of globulins, as in some types of leukemia, or overproduction of albumin.

However, the A/G ratio is usually not a diagnostic test on its own. It is most often evaluated along with other tests, and any significant changes or concerns should be interpreted by a healthcare provider.

ALP, or Alkaline Phosphatase, is an enzyme found in several tissues throughout the body. The highest concentrations of ALP are present in the liver, bile ducts, and bone.

Increased levels of ALP in the blood can indicate liver disease or damage, bile duct blockage, or bone disorders such as osteoporosis, rickets, or certain types of cancers. On the other hand, lower-than-normal levels of ALP can suggest malnutrition and certain types of anemia.

It’s important to note that slightly elevated or reduced levels of ALP can sometimes occur without a specific cause or present disease, and can fluctuate over time. As with other tests, results can be influenced by a variety of factors, so it’s crucial to discuss your results with your healthcare provider to understand their significance in the context of your overall health.

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) are enzymes found in your cells, with the highest concentrations in the liver. They are typically measured together as part of liver function tests to help diagnose and monitor liver disease. When liver cells are damaged or die, ALT and AST can leak out into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels in a blood test.

ALT: This enzyme is more specific to the liver than AST. It means that an elevated ALT level is more likely to be due to liver damage than damage to other tissues. Normal ALT levels in the blood are low, and ranges can vary, but they’re generally between 7 to 56 units per liter of serum.

AST: Besides the liver, AST is also found in other organs such as the heart, kidneys, and muscles. So, high levels can indicate problems not only with the liver but also with these other organs. Normal AST levels are typically between 10 to 40 units per liter of serum.

Increased levels of ALT and AST can be seen in conditions such as:

• Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, often due to a viral infection.
• Cirrhosis: Long-term liver damage often due to alcohol or hepatitis infection.
• Liver necrosis: Death of liver tissue.
• Liver tumor or cancer.
• Blockage of the bile ducts.
• Certain medications that can be toxic to the liver.

While ALT and AST tests can indicate damage to the liver, they do not provide information on the cause or severity of the damage. Additional tests are often necessary to diagnose the specific cause of the liver damage and to assess its extent.

It’s crucial to interpret these results in the context of the individual’s overall health and other test results. If you have concerns or questions about these tests, you should discuss them with your healthcare provider.

Bilirubin is a yellowish substance that your body produces when it replaces old red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin so it can be removed from the body.

There are two types of bilirubin: indirect (or unconjugated) and direct (or conjugated).

• Indirect Bilirubin: This form of bilirubin is not water-soluble and travels to the liver to be processed.
• Direct Bilirubin: After the liver processes indirect bilirubin, it becomes direct bilirubin, which is water-soluble and can be excreted in the bile into the intestines.

The total bilirubin test measures both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin, and it can help diagnose and monitor diseases that affect the liver or the gallbladder, like hepatitis or jaundice. Normal total bilirubin levels typically range from about 0.1 to 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), although this can vary depending on the lab.

If total bilirubin is elevated, a direct bilirubin test can help determine whether the cause is pre-liver, liver, or post-liver:

• Pre-liver problems (such as excessive breakdown of red blood cells) lead to high indirect bilirubin.
• Liver problems (such as hepatitis or cirrhosis) can lead to increases in both direct and indirect bilirubin.
• Post-liver problems (such as a gallstone blocking the bile ducts) lead to high direct bilirubin.

As with all lab values, it’s important to discuss the results with your healthcare provider for an accurate interpretation of what they mean for you.

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), BUN/Creatinine ratio, and Creatinine are all common tests used to assess kidney function.

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): Urea is a waste product formed in the liver as a result of protein breakdown. It’s carried in the blood to the kidneys, which filter it out and remove it from the body in urine. A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. If the kidneys aren’t functioning properly, urea can build up in the bloodstream. Normal BUN levels are generally between 7 and 20 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), though this can vary depending on the lab.

Creatinine: Creatinine is a waste product produced by the normal wear and tear on muscles of the body, and levels of creatinine in the blood reflect both the amount of muscle a person has and their amount of kidney function. Like urea, the kidneys filter out creatinine and remove it from the body in urine. Higher levels of creatinine can indicate a potential decrease in kidney function. Normal creatinine levels tend to vary based on age, sex, and muscle size, but they generally range from 0.6 to 1.2 milligrams per deciliter in adult males and 0.5 to 1.1 milligrams per deciliter in adult females.

BUN/Creatinine ratio: Sometimes, doctors look at the ratio of BUN to creatinine in the blood. Both are indications of kidney function, but they can be affected by different things. For example, a high BUN-to-creatinine ratio might indicate that your kidneys are not functioning properly, or it could be due to a condition like dehydration or gastrointestinal bleeding. The typical range for BUN/Creatinine ratio is approximately 10:1 to 20:1.

As with all lab results, it’s important to interpret these values in the context of the overall clinical picture, and any concerns should be discussed with your healthcare provider.

Calcium is a mineral that’s essential for many bodily functions. It’s crucial for building and maintaining strong bones, and it also plays a role in heart health, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Most of the body’s calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, with a small amount circulating in the blood.

The serum calcium test measures the amount of calcium in your blood. It’s often used as part of a routine metabolic panel, but it can also help diagnose and monitor a range of health conditions.

Normal serum calcium levels typically range between 8.5 to 10.5 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), though this can vary depending on the laboratory.

Elevated calcium levels (hypercalcemia) could be indicative of conditions like hyperparathyroidism, certain types of cancer, certain medications, prolonged immobilization, or excessive intake of vitamin D or calcium.

On the other hand, low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) could be due to conditions like hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease, pancreatitis, or low protein levels in the blood, among other conditions.

It’s important to note that many factors can influence calcium levels, including certain medications, how much calcium and vitamin D you consume, and the amount of protein in your blood. For accurate interpretation of calcium levels, other tests may also be necessary, and any concerns should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a gas that is produced in the body as a byproduct of metabolism, specifically during the process of cellular respiration where cells use oxygen and glucose to produce energy. The CO2 produced is transported in the blood to the lungs, where it is exhaled.

In a medical context, the term “carbon dioxide” usually refers to the test that measures the total amount of bicarbonate (the form in which CO2 is present in the body) in the blood. This test is often part of a panel of tests called an electrolyte panel or a metabolic panel.

The bicarbonate acts as a buffer, helping to maintain the pH balance in your body by neutralizing acids and bases. Changes in the level of bicarbonate can therefore be indicative of a variety of conditions that affect the acid-base balance of the body, such as kidney disease, lung diseases, or metabolic conditions.

Normal values typically range from 23 to 29 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L), although this can vary slightly depending on the laboratory. High levels could indicate conditions like severe vomiting, lung diseases, or hormone disorders. Low levels could indicate conditions like kidney disease, metabolic acidosis, or diabetic ketoacidosis.

As with any lab test, it’s important to interpret the results in the context of the overall health of the patient, and any concerns should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Chloride is an electrolyte that helps balance the amount of fluid inside and outside of cells. It also helps maintain proper blood volume, blood pressure, and pH of your body fluids. Chloride is normally obtained through the diet and is absorbed by the intestines during digestion.

The serum chloride test measures the level of chloride in your blood. It is often ordered as a part of a basic metabolic panel or a comprehensive metabolic panel, which are groups of blood tests that provide information about your body’s metabolism.

Higher than normal levels (hyperchloremia) might be due to dehydration, certain kidney diseases, or sometimes it can be caused by medications or treatments like dialysis.

Lower than normal levels (hypochloremia) can be associated with conditions such as congestive heart failure, severe burns, Addison’s disease (an adrenal gland hormone deficiency), or conditions that cause excessive vomiting or diarrhea.

As with all lab values, it’s important to interpret the results in the context of the individual’s overall health and other test results. If you have concerns about your chloride levels or any other aspect of your health, it’s important to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen in the blood. This can lead to a reduction in the amount of oxygen delivered to the body’s tissues, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Anemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including blood loss, poor nutrition, chronic diseases, and inherited conditions. The specific type of anemia is usually determined through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including a Complete Blood Count (CBC) and iron studies. Treatment for anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include dietary changes, supplements, and medications.

Biomarkers tested are:

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
2. Ferritin
3. Folic Acid
4. Transferrin
5. % Transferrin
6. Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
7. Vitamin B12

eGFR, or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, is a test that is used to assess how well your kidneys are working. It estimates the amount of blood that passes through the glomeruli (tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood) each minute.

eGFR is calculated using a formula that takes into account the serum creatinine level (a waste product in the blood that comes from muscle activity), as well as age, gender, and body size. If kidney function is normal, the eGFR will be higher than 60 mL/min/1.73m^2. A lower eGFR can indicate kidney disease.

eGFR is a useful test for detecting early kidney damage, monitoring kidney status, and guiding treatment for kidney disease. It’s important to note that one abnormal eGFR result does not definitively diagnose kidney disease, and your healthcare provider will likely order further tests and assessments if the result is abnormal.

Glucose is a type of sugar and a key source of energy for the cells in our bodies. It’s obtained through the food we eat, particularly carbohydrates, and is distributed to our cells via the bloodstream.

A blood glucose test measures the amount of glucose in your blood at the time of testing. It’s most commonly known for its role in diagnosing and managing diabetes, a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia).

It’s important to note that target glucose levels can vary depending on individual circumstances, and the optimal range for each person should be discussed with their healthcare provider.

Abnormally high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) can indicate conditions such as diabetes, an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), pancreatitis, or stress from an illness or injury. Low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia) can result from a reaction to insulin or other medication, excessive alcohol consumption, certain hormonal deficiencies, prolonged fasting, or certain tumors.

Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is particularly crucial for those with diabetes, as consistent hyperglycemia can lead to long-term complications, including nerve damage, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Similarly, repeated hypoglycemia can be dangerous and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Iron is an essential mineral that your body needs to function properly. Most of the iron in your body is found in your red blood cells as part of a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. A smaller amount is found in the protein myoglobin, which helps provide oxygen to muscles.

A serum iron test measures how much iron is in your bloodstream. It’s often ordered along with other tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC), transferrin or total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin, to get a more complete picture of a person’s iron status and storage.

Low levels of iron can indicate iron deficiency, which can lead to a type of anemia called iron-deficiency anemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, and pica (craving for substances like ice or dirt). Causes can include insufficient iron in the diet, poor absorption of iron by the body, and loss of blood through heavy periods or internal bleeding.

High levels of iron can occur with iron overload disorders, such as hemochromatosis, or with conditions that cause red blood cells to break down too quickly, such as hemolytic anemia. Symptoms of too much iron can include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, joint pain, and abdominal pain.

It’s important to interpret iron test results in conjunction with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. Always discuss your results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

Total protein is a measure of all the protein in your blood. Proteins play many critical roles in the body, including building, repairing, and maintaining tissues, making enzymes and hormones, supporting the immune system, and serving as a source of energy.

A total protein test measures the sum of two classes of proteins: albumin (which carries medicines and hormones, regulates fluid levels, and delivers essential nutrients to tissues and organs) and globulins (a group of proteins that includes enzymes, antibodies, carrier proteins, and more).

Low total protein levels can be caused by malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease, gastrointestinal malabsorption syndromes (like Crohn’s disease or celiac disease), and conditions that inhibit protein synthesis or lead to protein loss.

High total protein levels could indicate chronic inflammation or infection, bone marrow disorders, HIV/AIDS, and autoimmune diseases. However, they can also be a result of dehydration, which can concentrate the proteins that are present, making it appear there’s an elevated level.

Because abnormal total protein levels can be attributed to various conditions, it’s important to conduct further tests and evaluations to pinpoint the exact cause. Always consult with your healthcare provider to interpret test results.

Potassium is a type of electrolyte that is vital to cell metabolism. It helps conduct electrical charges in the body, contributing to functions such as muscle contractions, nerve impulse transmission, and heart rhythm regulation.

A potassium blood test measures the amount of potassium in the blood. Potassium levels need to be just right for cells to function properly. Too much or too little can lead to serious problems.

Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) can be caused by factors such as excessive sweating, chronic vomiting or diarrhea, certain diuretic medications, and some kidney diseases. Symptoms may include muscle weakness, fatigue, heart palpitations, and numbness or tingling.

High potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can be caused by conditions like kidney disease, dehydration, and hormone imbalances, or by medications that affect kidney function. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea or vomiting, and, in severe cases, sudden collapse.

Maintaining a balance of potassium is important, as both high and low levels can lead to serious health problems, including an irregular heartbeat, heart palpitations, and potentially life-threatening heart rhythm problems. If you have concerns about your potassium levels or other aspects of your health, it’s important to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

Sodium is a mineral that is essential for maintaining the balance of water and minerals in your body’s cells, a key factor in normal nerve and muscle function. It also helps maintain stable blood pressure levels.

A sodium blood test, often part of a basic metabolic panel (BMP) or comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), measures the level of sodium in your blood. Sodium levels can affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (pH), your muscle function, and other important processes.

Low levels of sodium (hyponatremia) can be due to conditions such as dehydration, kidney disease, adrenal gland insufficiency (Addison’s disease), liver disease, congestive heart failure, or from drinking too much water. Symptoms may include headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, fatigue, and, in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness.

High levels of sodium (hypernatremia) can occur with conditions like kidney disease, hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes, or from not drinking enough water. Symptoms can include excessive thirst, dry mouth, urinating often, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.

It’s important to interpret sodium levels in conjunction with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. Always discuss your results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test that measures the different cells in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The CBC provides important information about a person’s overall health and can help diagnose a variety of medical conditions, including anemia, infections, and blood disorders.

The following components of the blood are measured during a CBC:

1. Red blood cells (RBCs) – measure the number and size of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body’s tissues.
2. Hemoglobin – measures the amount of oxygen-carrying protein in the blood.
3. Hematocrit – measures the proportion of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
4. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) – measures the average size of red blood cells.
5. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) – measures the average amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
6. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) – measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
7. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a blood test that measures the variation in size and shape of red blood cells.
8. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width-Standard Deviation (RDW-SD) is a blood test that measures the variation in size and shape of red blood cells, with a focus on the degree of variation in width.
9. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) is a blood test that measures the average size of platelets in the blood.
10. Platelets – measure the number of small cells that help blood to clot.
11. White blood cells (WBCs) – measure the number of different types of white blood cells, which play a role in fighting infections.
12. Lymphocytes % is a blood test that measures the percentage of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
13. Monocytes % is a blood test that measures the percentage of monocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
14. Neutrophils % is a blood test that measures the percentage of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
15. Eosinophils % is a blood test that measures the percentage of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood. Eosinophils play a key role in the immune system’s response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
16. Basophils % is a blood test that measures the percentage of basophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood. Basophils play a role in the immune system’s response to allergies and parasitic infections.
17. Lymphocytes # is a blood test that measures the absolute number of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
18. Monocytes # is a blood test that measures the absolute number of monocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
19. Neutrophils # is a blood test that measures the absolute number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
20. Eosinophils # is a blood test that measures the absolute number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.
21. Basophils # is a blood test that measures the absolute number of basophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood.

A healthcare provider can interpret the results of a CBC and make recommendations for treatment or lifestyle changes as needed. The normal range for the results of a CBC may vary depending on the laboratory that performs the test. It is important to keep in mind that the results of a CBC can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, and overall health.

Cholesterol is a type of fat, or lipid, that is necessary for many physiological functions. It’s used to build cells, make hormones, aid in fat digestion, and more. However, too much cholesterol in the blood can increase your risk of heart disease.

There are two primary types of cholesterol: High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

The lipid panel, also known as a cholesterol test or lipid profile, is a blood test that measures the levels of different types of fats (lipids) in the blood. These include:

1. Total Cholesterol: This is the overall amount of cholesterol in the blood.
2. HDL cholesterol: This is the “good” cholesterol that helps remove plaque from the arteries and reduce the risk of heart disease.
3. Cholesterol/HDL cholesterol: The cholesterol/HDL ratio is a number that is useful in predicting a person’s risk of developing atherosclerosis, the process which leads to cholesterol-clogged arteries. 
4. LDL cholesterol: This is the “bad” cholesterol that contributes to the build-up of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease.
5. Triglycerides: These are a type of fat in the blood that can increase the risk of heart disease if levels are high.

The lipid panel is usually performed as part of a routine health screening, or to monitor people who are at risk of developing heart disease. The results of the lipid panel, along with other factors such as age, family history, and lifestyle, can help healthcare providers determine a person’s risk of developing heart disease and make recommendations for treatment or lifestyle changes.

Normal cholesterol levels vary, but total cholesterol levels should be less than 200 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol levels should be less than 130 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol levels should be 40 mg/dL or higher, and triglyceride levels should be less than 150 mg/dL.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation. A CRP test measures the level of this protein in the blood.

CRP tests can be used to check for inflammation in the body, as high levels of CRP are usually indicative of inflammation from various conditions, including infection, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular disease. In particular, a high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) test can be used to evaluate the risk of developing coronary artery disease, a condition in which the arteries of the heart can become blocked.

Low levels of CRP are generally not a concern, unless you’ve been diagnosed with a disease that normally results in higher CRP levels – in which case, low levels might indicate that the condition is in a dormant state.

High levels of CRP can indicate a variety of conditions including bacterial infection, rheumatic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, or cardiovascular disease. However, since CRP levels can rise as a nonspecific response to inflammation, it’s usually used in conjunction with other tests and clinical assessments to diagnose and monitor disease.

As always, it’s important to discuss your test results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

D-dimer is a type of protein produced when a blood clot dissolves in the body. It is usually undetectable or present at very low levels unless the body is forming and breaking down blood clots.

A D-dimer test is a blood test that measures the amount of D-dimer present. This test is most often used to help rule out the presence of an inappropriate blood clot (thrombus). These clots can form in blood vessels and block blood flow, leading to conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke.

An elevated D-dimer level could indicate the presence of an abnormal clot in the body. However, it is important to note that a positive D-dimer result (i.e., one that is higher than the defined normal range) does not pinpoint the location of a clot and cannot determine the cause or duration of the clotting event. D-dimer levels can also be elevated due to various other reasons, such as recent surgery, trauma, infection, liver disease, inflammation, malignancy, and even pregnancy.

Therefore, if the D-dimer test is positive, further testing is often needed to explore the possible presence and location of a clot. It’s always essential to discuss the results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

Ferritin is a blood cell protein that contains iron. A ferritin test helps your doctor understand how much iron your body stores. If a ferritin test reveals that your blood ferritin level is lower than normal, it indicates your body’s iron stores are low and you have iron deficiency. If a ferritin test shows higher than normal levels, it could indicate that you have a condition that causes your body to store too much iron. It could also point to liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory conditions, or hyperthyroidism. Some types of cancer also may cause your blood ferritin level to be high.

Symptoms of low ferritin/iron deficiency can include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, strange cravings to eat items that aren’t food, such as dirt, ice, or clay (a condition called pica), and tingling or crawling feeling in the legs. Iron deficiency can ultimately result in anemia.

Symptoms of high ferritin can include unexplained fatigue, unexplained weakness, joint pain, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat. High levels of ferritin can be indicative of an iron storage disorder, such as hereditary hemochromatosis.

As with all blood tests, it’s important to interpret ferritin levels in conjunction with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. Always discuss your results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in many organs throughout the body, with the highest concentrations found in the liver. GGT is elevated in the blood in most diseases that cause damage to the liver or bile ducts.

A GGT test measures the level of gamma-glutamyl transferase in a sample of blood. It is often used to help detect liver disease and bile duct obstructions. It can also be used to confirm heavy drinking or alcohol abuse.

Low levels of GGT are usually not a concern and are common among people who don’t drink alcohol or are not experiencing any liver disease.

Elevated levels of GGT may indicate liver disease, bile duct disease, or exposure to substances toxic to the liver. High GGT levels may also indicate alcohol or drug abuse, congestive heart failure, diabetes, or pancreatitis. Some medications can also increase GGT levels.

It’s important to interpret GGT levels in conjunction with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. Always discuss your results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

HbA1c (Glycated hemoglobin) is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar level over the past two to three months. The test provides a more long-term view of a person’s blood sugar control than a simple blood glucose test, which only measures the blood sugar level at a single point in time.

HbA1c is formed when glucose in the blood binds to hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. The higher a person’s blood sugar level over time, the more glucose is bound to hemoglobin, and the higher the HbA1c level will be.

A HbA1c test is used to monitor diabetes control and to diagnose diabetes. The test is typically done two to four times a year for people with diabetes. Normal HbA1c levels for people without diabetes are typically below 5.7%, while levels for people with diabetes are typically higher, between 7% and 8%. A healthcare provider can use the results of a HbA1c test to adjust treatment and make recommendations for lifestyle changes as needed.

A hormone blood test is a laboratory test that measures the levels of specific hormones in the blood. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by various glands and tissues in the body, which regulate a wide range of physiological processes, such as growth and development, metabolism, and reproductive function. Hormone blood tests may be used to diagnose and monitor a variety of medical conditions related to hormonal imbalances, such as thyroid disorders, diabetes, and reproductive disorders. The type of hormone blood test ordered will depend on the specific hormone being tested and the medical condition being evaluated. It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider about any concerns related to hormone levels and whether a hormone blood test is necessary or appropriate.

Hormones Tested:

1. CORTISOL
2. DHEA-S
3. DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE (DHT)
4. ESTRADIOL
5. ESTRIOL
6. ESTRONE
7. FREE T3
8. FREE T4
9. FSH
10. LH
11. IGF-1
12. INSULIN
13. PREGNENOLONE
14. PROGESTERONE
15. REVERSE T3
16. SHBG
17. TESTOSTERONE
18. TESTOSTERONE, FREE
19. TPO ANTIBODY
20. TSH

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that helps the process of turning sugar into energy for your cells to use. LDH is present in many kinds of organs and tissues throughout the body, including the liver, heart, pancreas, kidneys, skeletal muscles, lymph tissue, and blood cells.

An LDH test measures the amount of LDH in the blood. This test is often used to help determine if tissue damage has occurred or to help diagnose an illness. An elevated LDH level could indicate cell damage or disease, such as hemolytic anemia, heart failure, hepatitis, liver disease, muscle injury, or cancer.

Low levels of LDH are not usually a cause for concern, as it’s normal for LDH levels to be low in the blood.

High levels of LDH indicate that there may be tissue damage or a disease somewhere in the body. However, since LDH is present in many types of tissue, a high level alone does not indicate the location of the damage or disease. Further tests may be required to pinpoint the exact issue.

As with all blood tests, it’s important to interpret LDH levels in conjunction with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. Always discuss your results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in the body. It is involved in hundreds of biochemical reactions, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. It’s also needed for the production of DNA, RNA, and the antioxidant glutathione.

A magnesium blood test measures the level of magnesium in your blood. This test is often used to evaluate severe or chronic conditions affecting the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract, malnutrition or malabsorption disorders, and symptoms related to the muscular or nervous systems.

Low levels of magnesium (hypomagnesemia) can be due to conditions such as chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, alcoholism, chronic stress, poorly controlled diabetes, and certain medications (like diuretics). Symptoms may include muscle cramps, weakness, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and, in severe cases, heart arrhythmias or seizures.

High levels of magnesium (hypermagnesemia) are less common and usually occur in people with kidney disease or who have consumed large amounts of magnesium, often in the form of supplements or medications. Symptoms can include irregular heartbeat, muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting, breathing difficulties, and in extreme cases, cardiac arrest.

Because abnormal magnesium levels can be associated with various conditions, it’s important to consider these results in conjunction with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. Always discuss your results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

Phosphorus (or Phosphorous) is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It is an essential nutrient for all living organisms and plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Here are some key points about phosphorus:

1. Importance in the body: Phosphorus is primarily known for its role in the formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. It combines with calcium to create a mineral called hydroxyapatite, which provides strength and structure to bones and teeth. Phosphorus is also a component of DNA, RNA, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which are essential for cellular energy metabolism and storage.

2. Dietary sources: Phosphorus is found in a wide range of foods, including dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, nuts, and whole grains. In processed foods, phosphorus is often present as an additive in the form of phosphoric acid or phosphate salts.

3. Absorption and regulation: The absorption of phosphorus occurs mainly in the small intestine. The levels of phosphorus in the body are regulated by the actions of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol (active form of vitamin D). These hormones help maintain the balance of phosphorus and calcium in the blood.

4. Imbalances and disorders: Both high and low levels of phosphorus can be problematic. Hypophosphatemia refers to low levels of phosphorus in the blood, which can occur in conditions such as malnutrition, certain kidney disorders, and some metabolic diseases. Hyperphosphatemia refers to high levels of phosphorus in the blood, which can be seen in kidney dysfunction, excessive intake of phosphorus, or certain hormonal imbalances.

5. Medical uses: Phosphorus compounds, such as phosphates, are used in medicine for various purposes. They may be administered as supplements to treat phosphorus deficiencies or as laxatives. Certain phosphorus-containing drugs are also used in the treatment of conditions like urinary tract infections and osteoporosis.

   It’s important to note that if you have any concerns about your phosphorus levels or suspect any health issues related to phosphorus metabolism, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment.

TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) and Transferrin are both laboratory tests that provide information about iron levels in the blood. Let’s break down what each of these tests measures:

1. Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC): TIBC is a measure of the total amount of iron that can be bound by proteins in the blood. It reflects the capacity of transferrin, the main iron-transporting protein in the blood, to bind to iron. TIBC is an indirect measurement of the level of transferrin in the blood.

2. Transferrin: Transferrin is a glycoprotein produced by the liver that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in delivering iron to cells for various physiological processes. Transferrin levels are directly related to TIBC.

3. Percent Saturated Transferrin: The percent saturated transferrin is a calculation that compares the amount of iron bound to transferrin to the total iron-binding capacity. It represents the percentage of transferrin that is currently carrying iron. This value can be helpful in assessing iron metabolism and determining whether iron levels are within the normal range.

Together, these tests provide valuable information about iron status in the body. Low TIBC and transferrin levels may indicate iron deficiency, while high levels may suggest iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis. The percent saturated transferrin can provide additional insights into iron utilization and storage. It is important to interpret these results in conjunction with other clinical findings and consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

TPO antibodies, also known as thyroid peroxidase antibodies or anti-TPO antibodies, are autoantibodies that target and attack the thyroid peroxidase enzyme. Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme involved in the production of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. Here are some key points about TPO antibodies:

1. Autoimmune Thyroid Conditions: TPO antibodies are primarily associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases, specifically Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the thyroid gland, leading to an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). In Graves’ disease, the immune system stimulates the thyroid gland, resulting in an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).

2. Testing for TPO Antibodies: TPO antibody testing is commonly performed to help diagnose autoimmune thyroid conditions and to differentiate between the causes of thyroid dysfunction. It is a blood test that measures the level of TPO antibodies in the bloodstream. Elevated levels of TPO antibodies indicate an autoimmune response against the thyroid gland.

3. Clinical Significance: The presence of TPO antibodies is not specific to a particular condition but is strongly associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. TPO antibody levels can fluctuate over time and may correlate with disease activity. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, TPO antibodies are often present, and their levels can help monitor the progression of the disease. In Graves’ disease, TPO antibodies may be detected, but other antibodies, such as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI), are more commonly associated with the condition.

4. Implications for Thyroid Function: TPO antibodies themselves do not directly cause thyroid dysfunction. However, their presence indicates an increased risk of developing thyroid dysfunction in the future. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the destruction of the thyroid gland by TPO antibodies eventually leads to hypothyroidism. In Graves’ disease, TPO antibodies may contribute to the immune response but are not the primary cause of the condition.

5. Treatment and Management: Treatment for autoimmune thyroid conditions focuses on managing the symptoms and restoring thyroid hormone levels to normal. This may involve the use of thyroid hormone replacement medications (levothyroxine) for hypothyroidism or anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery for hyperthyroidism. The presence of TPO antibodies does not directly impact the choice of treatment, but it can help guide the diagnosis and overall management of the condition.

   If you have concerns about TPO antibodies or thyroid-related issues, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional, such as an endocrinologist, who specializes in diagnosing and managing thyroid disorders. They can evaluate your symptoms, perform appropriate tests, and provide personalized recommendations based on your specific situation.

Uric acid is a waste product that is produced by the body during the breakdown of purines, which are natural substances found in many foods and in the body’s cells. Most uric acid is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and eliminated from the body in urine. However, if the body produces too much uric acid or the kidneys are unable to eliminate it properly, the level of uric acid in the blood can become too high, leading to a condition called hyperuricemia.

Hyperuricemia can cause urate crystals to form in joints, leading to a painful condition called gout. In addition, high levels of uric acid in the blood can increase the risk of developing kidney stones and may also be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

A blood test can measure the level of uric acid in the blood. The normal range for uric acid levels in the blood can vary depending on the laboratory, but typically falls between 3.4 and 7.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for men, and between 2.4 and 6.0 mg/dL for women. High levels of uric acid in the blood are typically above 7.2 mg/dL for men and above 6.0 mg/dL for women.

Treatment for high uric acid levels may include lifestyle changes such as reducing purine-rich foods and increasing fluid intake, as well as medications such as allopurinol, which can help lower uric acid levels. It is important to work with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment based on individual medical history and circumstances.

Folate is one of the B-vitamins (B9), and it’s crucial for cell growth and metabolism. It plays an essential role in the creation and repair of DNA and RNA, the synthesis of proteins, and the formation of red and white blood cells. Folate is especially important during periods of rapid cell growth, such as during pregnancy and infancy.

A folate test measures the amount of folate in your blood. The test is used to detect deficiencies and to help diagnose certain types of anemia. Folate deficiency can lead to a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia, in which red blood cells are larger than normal and the levels of hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein, are low.

Low levels of folate can cause symptoms like fatigue, gray hair, mouth sores, tongue swelling, and growth problems. It can also lead to elevated levels of homocysteine, which has been associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

High levels of folate in the blood can occur due to excessive intake from fortified foods or supplements. While not typically problematic on its own, a high level of folate can mask a deficiency in vitamin B12, which can lead to serious neurological problems if left untreated.

As with all blood tests, it’s important to interpret folate levels in conjunction with other laboratory tests and clinical findings. Always discuss your results and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in various functions of the body. Here are some key points about vitamin B12:

1. Importance and Functions: Vitamin B12 is essential for the formation of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and the normal functioning of the nervous system. It is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. B12 is also necessary for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, an amino acid important for protein synthesis.

2. Dietary Sources: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-based foods, including meat (especially organ meats like liver), poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Plant-based sources of B12 are limited, but some fortified foods like cereals, plant-based milks, and nutritional yeast may contain supplemental B12.

3. Absorption and Absorption: Vitamin B12 requires adequate stomach acid and a protein called intrinsic factor, which is produced in the stomach, for proper absorption. In the stomach, vitamin B12 is released from proteins in food and binds to intrinsic factor. The complex is then absorbed in the small intestine.

4. Deficiency: Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur due to various reasons, including inadequate dietary intake (particularly in strict vegetarians or vegans), poor absorption (as in pernicious anemia or certain gastrointestinal disorders), or certain medications that interfere with B12 absorption. Symptoms of B12 deficiency may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, memory problems, and mood changes. Prolonged deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neurological complications.

5. Supplements and Medical Uses: Vitamin B12 supplements are available in various forms, including oral tablets, sublingual tablets, nasal sprays, and injections. In cases of deficiency, supplementation is often recommended to correct the deficiency and prevent associated complications. Vitamin B12 injections are commonly used for individuals with malabsorption issues or severe deficiencies.

   It’s important to note that if you suspect a vitamin B12 deficiency or have concerns about your B12 levels, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. They can determine the underlying cause of any deficiency and recommend the most suitable treatment option for you.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is crucial for the proper functioning of the body. Here are some key points about vitamin D:

1. Importance and Functions: Vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining healthy bones and teeth by promoting the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestines. It also helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood, which are essential for bone mineralization. In addition to its skeletal benefits, vitamin D also plays a role in immune function, cell growth, modulation of inflammation, and neuromuscular function.

2. Sources of Vitamin D: The two main sources of vitamin D are sunlight and dietary intake. The skin produces vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from sunlight. However, factors such as geographic location, time of year, skin pigmentation, sunscreen use, and aging can affect the skin’s ability to produce vitamin D. Dietary sources of vitamin D include fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel), fortified dairy products, fortified cereals, and supplements.

3. Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D deficiency can occur due to inadequate sunlight exposure, limited dietary intake, impaired absorption, or certain medical conditions. Symptoms of deficiency may include fatigue, muscle weakness, bone pain, increased susceptibility to infections, and mood disturbances. Severe and prolonged vitamin D deficiency can lead to conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, which are characterized by weakened and soft bones.

4. Supplements and Medical Uses: Vitamin D supplements are commonly used to treat and prevent vitamin D deficiency. They are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid drops. Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended for individuals with limited sun exposure, those with malabsorption conditions, older adults, breastfed infants, and people with certain medical conditions that interfere with vitamin D metabolism.

5. Recommended Daily Intake: The recommended daily intake of vitamin D varies depending on age, sex, and health conditions. In general, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin D is 600 international units (IU) per day for most adults, increasing to 800-1,000 IU per day for older adults.

   It’s important to note that while vitamin D is essential for overall health, excessive intake can lead to vitamin D toxicity, which can have adverse effects. It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for guidance on vitamin D supplementation, especially if you have specific health concerns or conditions. They can evaluate your vitamin D status and provide appropriate recommendations based on your individual needs.

• SST tube of blood, serum
• Lavender top-EDTA, whole blood

24 – 72 hours

$499